Cell Theory Ch. 3.1 & Cell Organelles 3.2

                                   Chapter 3.1& 3.2

Cell Theory 3.1

How does the size of a cell in a tadpole compare to the size of a cell in a whale?

What makes a whale so much larger than a tadpole?

Cell of a Whale

Are cells of a whale large than that of a tadpole?

Cells of a tadpole

Scientists Who Contributed to the Cell Theory: 

Hooke:was the first to identify cells and name them.

Leeuwenhoek:observed live cells 

and observed greater detail.

Schleiden:concluded that plants are made of cells.

Schwann: concluded that animals and, in fact, all living things are made of cells.

Virchow: Proposed that all cells come from other cells.

Important Technological Advances: Improvements in the microscope, such as better lenses

The Principles of Cell Theory:

1. All organisms are made of cells.

2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells. 

3.The cell is the most basic unit of life.

The Cell Theory is: one of the first unifying concepts developed in 

biology.

                      There are 2 types of Cells


            A. Prokaryotic Cell       B. Eukaryotic Cell

Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells have Organelles.                      

What are organelles? 

Organelles are structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell.

This is a eukaryotic cell(Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protist): 

• Nucleus present
• Specialized structures that work together called organelles.
• Most are multi-cellular organisms

Labels: (top) nucleus, organelles;

(bottom): DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Eukaryotes may be multi-cellular or single-celled organisms.

This is a prokaryotic cell(Bacteria):

• No nucleus only free DNA
• No membrane-bound organelle (except ribosomes)
• Unicellular organisms

(Top): DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Most prokaryotes are microscopic, single-celled organisms.

Eukaryotic cells;have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. The nucleus, the largest organelle, encloses the genetic information.

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.Instead, the DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm.

All cells have a membrane;which is selectively permeable that separates the interior of all cells from theoutside environment. 

cytoplasm: is a jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks—such as proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, and ions and organelles, and building blocks

What do Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have in common?....

• both are cells
• both contain a DNA
• both have a protective barrier
• both have ribosomes
• both have cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance inside their membrane.
• Some have flagella

Venn Diagram

You are not what you think you are Video Click Here

3.2 Cell Organelles

 Cells Rap

 Cell Song

All organs of the cell have their role....

Cell membrane;  It supports and shapes the cell.It assists in cell division.It positions organelles.

 cytoskeleton: give shape, act as tracks for the movement of organelles, aid division, give strength, aid movement 

Nucleus: stores and protects the DNA

endoplasmic reticulum: production of proteins and lipids, breakdown of drugs and alcohol

ribosomes: link amino acids together to form proteins

Golgi apparatus: 

processes, sorts, and 

delivers proteins

vesicles: sacs that separate 

some materials from the rest 

of the cytoplasm, generally 

short- lived

mitochondria: supply energy to 

the cell by converting molecules 

from food into usable energy

vacuole: sac used for 

storage of materials, typically 

quite large in plant cells

lysosomes: sacs containing 

enzymes that defend a cell from 

invaders and break down worn- 

out cell parts

centrioles: consist of microtubules 

arranged in a circle; organize 

microtubules to form cilia and 

flagella; role in cell division not 

entirely clear

cell wall: rigid layer surrounding 

the cell membrane in plant, 

algae, fungi, and most bacteria 

cells; provides protection, 

support, and shape

chloroplasts: carry out 

photosynthesis to convert solar 

energy into energy-rich molecules

TAKE QUIZ 3.1 & 3.2 HERE

Assignment: Work on comparing a Cell to your house. What would each organelle discussed in class represent in your household? Be sure to create a list in the back explaining how each item is like the organelle.